1. Emergency Symptoms

If cyanosis, vomiting, dyspnea, grunting, convulsions or other abnormal signs are observed after the neonate is transferred to the ward or during routine monitoring, notify nurses immediately for prompt management.

2. Prevention of Neonatal Hypoglycemia

After admission, feed 5–10 mL glucose water once an hour for 2–3 times according to the infant’s weight. Pat the baby’s back after each feeding to expel swallowed air and avoid vomiting and hiccups.

3. Breastfeeding

Early suckling and early initiation of breastfeeding are recommended. Feed on demand without fixed time intervals or frequencies. Mothers and assisting family members must wash hands and nipples thoroughly before feeding. Each feeding session lasts 20 minutes in total, 10 minutes for each breast to avoid maternal fatigue.

Adequate and effective breastfeeding within the first 3 days postpartum is critical to prevent breast engorgement and mastitis.

4. Timing & Eligibility for Hepatitis B Vaccine and BCG Vaccination

For neonates weighing ≥2500 grams (5 Jin) or with gestational age ≥37 weeks:

- The first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine will be injected into the right upper arm by nurses upon ward admission.

- BCG vaccine will be administered into the left upper arm 12 hours after birth during bathing, provided the infant has no diarrhea, vomiting, fever or prescribed rashes.

5. Clothing & Thermal Regulation

Soft cotton garments are preferred. Keep the infant warm in winter and right after admission; avoid overheating at other times, as excessive warmth causes prickly heat and increases susceptibility to colds.

6. Perineal & Buttock Care

The neonate will pass the first stool and urine within 24 hours after birth. Meconium is dark green, and urine may occasionally appear pink. Gently wipe clean with warm damp towels or alcohol-free wet wipes after every diaper change; replace diapers frequently to prevent diaper dermatitis and erythema buttocks.

Minor vaginal discharge and pseudomenstruation in female infants are normal physiological phenomena.

7. Ocular Care

Wash the infant’s face after admission, cleaning the eyes first every time. Administer eye drops if ocular secretions accumulate.

8. Sleep Management

Neonates require 21–22 hours of sleep daily. Wake the infant regularly for feeding to prevent breast engorgement.

9. Management of Neonatal Jaundice

Physiologic jaundice (yellow discoloration of skin and sclera) usually appears 2–3 days after birth. Increase glucose water intake and expose the infant to mild sunlight; symptoms resolve spontaneously within 7–10 days.

Seek transfer to the neonatology department if jaundice develops within 24 hours of birth, deepens progressively, or bilirubin levels exceed the normal range. Full cooperation from mothers and families is required for treatment.