Part 1 Basic Health Knowledge and Concepts

1. Health means not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

2. Everyone bears the responsibility to safeguard personal and others’ health, and healthy lifestyles help maintain and improve personal health.

3. Four core components of a healthy lifestyle are balanced diet, regular physical activity, tobacco control and moderate alcohol intake, and mental balance.

4. Strike a proper balance between work and rest, and ensure 7 to 8 hours of sleep daily.

5. Smoking and second-hand smoke exposure cause various illnesses including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders.

6. The earlier one quits smoking, the better; it is never too late to give up smoking.

7. Health supplements cannot replace medicines.

8. The environment is closely linked to health; environmental protection boosts public health.

9. Blood donation benefits both recipients and donors; voluntary unpaid blood donation is advocated.

10. Normal vital signs for adults: systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg; axillary temperature ranging from 36℃ to 37℃; resting respiratory rate of 16–20 breaths per minute; pulse rate of 60–100 beats per minute.

11. Avoid unnecessary injections and intravenous infusions; one needle and one syringe shall be used for one patient during injection.

12. Workers engaged in toxic and hazardous jobs are entitled to occupational health protection.

13. Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent certain infectious diseases.

14. Pulmonary tuberculosis mainly spreads via droplets released when patients cough, sneeze or speak loudly.

15. Seek timely examinations for tuberculosis if coughing and expectorating last for more than two weeks or blood appears in sputum.

16. The vast majority of tuberculosis patients can be cured with standardized treatment.

17. AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C transmit through three routes: sexual contact, blood exposure and mother-to-child transmission. Daily and occupational contact poses no transmission risk.

18. Mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches and other pests spread diseases.

19. Abnormal lumps, gastrointestinal bleeding and unexplained weight loss are major early warning signs of cancer.

20. Administer artificial respiration and chest compressions for first aid to casualties suffering respiratory and cardiac arrest.

21. Attach importance to mental health maintenance and seek professional help actively when encountering psychological troubles.

22. Care for, assist and refrain from discriminating against people with illnesses and disabilities.

23. Receiving influenza vaccination before the flu season reduces infection risks or alleviates flu symptoms.

24. Store pesticides, medicines and other toxic substances securely to prevent children’s access.

25. Apply bandages to stop bleeding immediately for traumatic hemorrhage, especially massive bleeding; avoid arbitrary movement of fracture casualties.

Part 2 Healthy Lifestyles and Behaviors

26. Wash hands frequently and bathe regularly; do not share towels and toiletries.

27. Brush teeth every day and rinse the mouth after meals.

28. Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing; do not spit everywhere.

29. Refrain from smoking in public places and respect non-smokers’ right to avoid second-hand smoke.

30. Limit alcohol intake and reject heavy drinking.

31. Do not abuse addictive drugs such as sedatives, hypnotics and analgesics.

32. Reject drugs.

33. Use sanitary latrines and properly manage human and livestock excreta.

34. Ensure safe and hygienic drinking water.

35. Open windows regularly for ventilation.

36. Staple foods shall be cereals; consume abundant fruits, vegetables and tubers, and balance meat and vegetable intake.

37. Consume dairy products, beans and their derivatives regularly.

38. Maintain a light, low-salt diet.

39. Keep a healthy weight and avoid overweight and obesity.

40. Seek medical treatment promptly after falling ill, cooperate with doctors and take medicines as instructed.

41. Do not abuse antibiotics.

42. Cook food thoroughly; wash fruits and vegetables before raw consumption.

43. Separate raw and cooked food during storage and processing.

44. Do not eat deteriorated or expired food.

45. Pregnant women shall undergo timely prenatal examinations, with no less than 5 check-ups throughout pregnancy, and deliver in hospitals.

46. Initiate breastfeeding for infants as early as possible after birth, and add complementary foods reasonably starting from 6 months of age.

47. Children and adolescents shall develop good eye-use habits to prevent myopia onset and progression.

48. Workers shall learn about workplace hazards, abide by operating procedures, take personal protective measures and develop sound working habits.

49. Children shall receive immunization according to the national expanded program on immunization after birth.

50. Correct condom use reduces risks of contracting AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases.

51. Report dead poultry and livestock upon discovery; do not process or consume them.

52. Domestic dogs shall receive rabies vaccination. If scratched or bitten by dogs or cats, wash wounds thoroughly at once and receive antiserum and rabies vaccine as soon as possible.

53. Avoid contact with infested water in schistosomiasis-endemic areas; take preventive medication promptly after exposure.

54. Consume qualified iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.

55. Take one comprehensive physical examination every year.

56. Fasten seat belts (or wear safety helmets), refrain from speeding and drunk driving to effectively reduce road traffic injuries.

57. Keep children away from dangerous waters to prevent drowning.

58. Store pesticides safely and use them in line with product instructions.

59. Ensure ventilation during indoor heating in winter to guard against gas poisoning.

Part 3 Basic Health Skills

60. Dial the emergency medical hotline 120 when urgent medical rescue is needed.

61. Be able to read labels and instructions of food, medicines, cosmetics and health supplements.

62. Know how to measure axillary temperature.

63. Know how to take a pulse.

64. Recognize common hazard warning signs such as high voltage, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, radioactive and biosafety labels, and stay away from dangerous substances.

65. Cut off the power supply first instead of directly touching electric shock victims during rescue.

66. Take smoke isolation measures, cover mouth and nose with wet towels and evacuate in a low posture in case of fire; dial the fire alarm number 119.